The current British government wants everyone to know that it sees opportunity in AI. Across a series of flashy public events this spring, Prime Minister Keir Starmer announced a string of support packages. Culminating in a £2 billion AI investment pledge. Standing next to the Prime Minister, Nvidia’s Jensen Huang addressed a gathered audience of businessmen and politicians by mentioning the “extraordinary” atmosphere in the UK. Huang also mentioned that the UK is now the third largest AI venture capital market in the world.

The UK has set an ambition to be a global powerhouse in artificial intelligence – building on what it’s already done. The question now is how to ensure it gets there.

The financial industry, centred in The City but now in every corner of the nation, is core to getting there. As James Lichau, financial services co-leader at BPM said: “AI presents immense opportunities for the FinTech industry”.  From better banking applications to bespoke advisory and vastly improved investment theses, Britain’s AI dream will flower with its fintech ambitions.

The Global AI Momentum and Infrastructure Reality

The UK has been quick to realise the importance of the moment, but others are moving too. Two billion pounds is a sizeable commitment but compared to the United States’ $4 billion CHIPS and Science Act AI investments and China’s estimated $15 billion in annual public and private AI spending, it’s not the largest in the world.

Capital investment is accelerating as nations and corporations are pouring large sums into artificial intelligence capabilities.  What might have previously been seen as “unnecessary spend” is now being approved as essential infrastructure. The best engineers now command salaries the equivalent of city budgets. Financial companies of all sizes have placed substantial wagers on AI’s ability to create new value.

This means Britain will need to be smart and targeted in where to place support. The most obvious place is infrastructure. Infrastructure is critical because ambition without infrastructure is unsustainable. Even the most sophisticated AI strategies, backed by some of the largest companies in the world, will fail without the foundational digital systems to support them.

The UK’s AI aspirations face a fundamental test: can government investment translate into real-world capability when the underlying infrastructure remains underdeveloped? History shows that technological leadership demands comprehensive ecosystem development encompassing everything from basic connectivity to advanced computing resources.

Infrastructure: the foundation for progress

A successful AI ecosystem requires three interconnected elements.

First, compute capacity represents the engine of AI development. Training sophisticated machine learning models demands enormous computational resources, often requiring specialised hardware configurations that can process vast datasets efficiently. Without adequate compute infrastructure, AI development becomes expensive and time-consuming, forcing organisations to seek resources elsewhere or abandon projects entirely. Peter Kyle, Secretary of State for Science, Innovation & Technology described the possibilities this way: “Giving our researchers and innovators access to the processing power they need will not only maintain our standing as the world’s third‑biggest AI power, but put British expertise at the heart of the AI breakthroughs.”

Second, power supply infrastructure must support the energy-intensive operations that modern AI systems require. Data centres housing AI workloads consume significantly more electricity than traditional computing facilities, creating new demands on national energy grids. This is why countries like Iceland with large geothermal and hydroelectric energy capacity typically outperform in power-intensive industries. Meanwhile, the massive grid outage this spring showed the fragility of Spain’s power system. The UK’s AI Energy Council is holding discussions about upgrading the national grid, with plans to power the next wave of AI using nuclear and renewable energy.

Third, connectivity is crucial for reliable movement of large data sets. Networks enable real-time deployment of AI services, allowing organisations to access and process data across real-world applications. Without robust connectivity, AI remains confined to isolated research environments rather than driving economic productivity. The UK has a longstanding programme of investment in broadband infrastructure although the speed requirements represent a significant expansion of current capabilities.

Beyond Headline Commitments: The Implementation Challenge

The caveat frequently used by investment managers applies here as well: “Past performance is not a guarantee of future results.” Some regions have built a head start in the race for AI supremacy. That doesn’t mean they will stay in the lead.  From algorithmic trading to fraud detection, fintech applications will be among the first to falter if infrastructure lags behind innovation

Countries that address infrastructure limitations decisively can leapfrog competitors and establish sustainable competitive advantages.

The UK must be unafraid to copy success from elsewhere, while also finding areas to break new ground. The UK AI Opportunities Action Plan is a strong start. Government, business, and investment leaders must now collaborate to turn ambition into execution.