Do you build, buy or partner? When you need payment solutions it would seem that you only have three options. You can build a new system in-house, buy a solution outright or partner with a payments provider. All have advantages and disadvantages. Heres how AI can change that…
Building, rather obviously, requires having the capacity to build in-house. Few payments companies are going to need to develop world-class coding expertise in their IT departments. Buying is increasingly impossible – nearly everything works on a software-as-a-service model. Partnering is by far the most common approach to extending a company’s capacities. Working alongside an established provider of payments technology to integrate their solutions into your existing technology.
A staggering 70 cents in every dollar of a bank IT budget is spent on patching up old systems, and whether you build, buy or partner the aim is almost always to patch old systems rather than ‘rip and replace’. There is simply too much risk when completely overhauling legacy systems. So unless financial services companies are starting from scratch (like neobanks) then they will have a patchwork of modern and legacy systems gradually modernising over time.
But what if these aren’t the only ways to build new capacities and capabilities in payments? What if AI-enabled orchestration layers could offer a pragmatic, risk-mitigated and cost-effective fourth option? According to RS2’s latest research, this is not only possible, it’s already happening. And it’s driving measurable improvements in transaction success rates, fraud reduction and customer insights across global banking operations.
What is payment orchestration?
A payment isn’t a simple case of sending a fixed sum from one bank to another. There is a multi-part, often multi-national process to every payment that has to take place within fractions of a second, involving multiple companies and systems, some of them AI-based.
Just as each musician in an orchestra knows their individual part to play but needs a conductor to become a unified whole, a payment orchestrator makes sure each element in the payments chain works harmoniously. In practice, this means determining the optimal route for each transaction based on the payment itself: one particular payment might have more chance of being accepted going down one route than another, particularly when payments are being made across national borders. It means that merchants can connect with a single payment orchestrator and from there access an entire world of payments companies, each suitable for a certain part of certain payments. These transaction chains are also made to be compliant with regulations in whatever jurisdictions that they take place in.
One under-appreciated part of payment orchestration is the top-down view it gives over a merchant’s payments, and from there how it can be analysed to improve payments and the merchant’s operations as a whole. It can give merchants insight into payment trends, customer behavior, performance and fraud, and if these aspects of payments can be optimized then there is potential for significant cost savings.
This is key: the ultimate outcome of payment orchestration is reduced costs for merchants and their customers. Whether it is through reducing the cost of each payment through the most efficient processors or allowing data analysis to find ways in which to optimize payments, the ultimate outcome is always going to be cost savings.
Enter AI
Artificial intelligence has been a major news story for the past three years, but the real picture of what is happening and what could be happening in the space is much more complex and interesting.
Almost all of the press attention on artificial intelligence over the last years has been toward Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT. These can produce convincing bodies of text but this has little utility in payments beyond being a cheap alternative to customer-service agents. The real use of AI in payments has a longer history and is much more useful, especially when combined with the influx of data that can come from payment orchestration.
So, what can AI be used for in payments? Merchants and payments providers produce incredible amounts of data, much of which goes unanalyzed and sits inert in cloud storage, becoming a cost rather than a source of revenue. Machine-learning algorithms have shown an incredible ability to sort through this information and provide insights that no human could come up with. These insights can inform top-level decision-making (‘our customers are moving toward alternative payment methods’) or micro-scale adjustments (‘using payment service provider A instead of payment service provider B at weekends gives a 0.043% increase in acceptance rates’).
AI-enabled orchestration layers take this a step further. They connect all banking platforms—card management, UX, third-party services, ledgers, reconciliation, interchange, and more—into a central intelligence hub. The result is dynamic optimization of transaction routing, cost reduction in acquiring and FX, and a dramatic reduction in fraud and transaction failure.
The AI Orchestration Layer
Imagine that you have an orchestra with both veteran (perhaps even past their prime) musicians and enthusiastic newcomers. Hypothetically they can play the sheet music in front of them, but what they need is a conductor to bring it all together.
This is the AI orchestration layer. Instead of building, buying or partnering to upgrade individual services, an AI system can ensure that all of the existing parts of a company’s payments ecosystem are working as a unified, insight-driven whole.
With real-time fraud detection, transaction risk scoring, and automated escalation steps (like biometric authentication), AI orchestration layers significantly reduce chargebacks and improve compliance. Smart decline recovery techniques—such as real-time retries or alternative payment prompts—directly increase revenue and improve customer satisfaction.
AI also simplifies regulatory compliance. With built-in AML and KYC checks, suspicious activity monitoring, and auto-generated reporting, banks can meet growing compliance demands with fewer human resources and less manual intervention.
Beyond Build, Buy, or Partner
This isn’t just a new tool—it’s a new model. RS2’s white paper describes AI orchestration as the “fourth path” beyond build, buy or partner. Rather than risky system replacements, banks can phase in AI capabilities without ever compromising core operations. By implementing self-hosted AI within secure Virtual Private Clouds, RS2 ensures full control over sensitive financial data while delivering full interoperability with ISO 20022 messaging frameworks.
The result? Lower fraud, higher conversion rates, smarter compliance, and a customer experience that feels truly modern—all achieved without the disruption of traditional overhaul strategies.
Banks don’t need to choose between building from scratch, outsourcing, or stitching together third-party solutions. AI-enabled orchestration offers a more elegant, efficient, and secure way forward—and it’s available today.
- Artificial Intelligence in FinTech